S3 Advanced Questions Test
Date: 2025-05-20
Class:
_________( ) Name: ________________
Answer the
following questions:
1.
If a person on a diet only drinks vegetable soup for a week and does not
consume the soup ingredients, what problems might this person have? Why?
(1) What is the difference between the components
of vegetable soup and its solid ingredients?
(2) How
do these differences affect the human body?
ANS:
**Answer:** The
nutrients in vegetable soup come entirely from the ingredients. The soup
contains more water-soluble nutrients and some partially digested food
substances, but the overall concentration is lower than in the solid
ingredients, especially for components that are insoluble in water.
Therefore, drinking only the broth will
result in reduced nutrient absorption, particularly of major macronutrients
such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
2.
What type of food substances are mainly present in milk?
**Background
knowledge:** What nutrients does milk contain? What are their approximate
proportions? Apart from dietary fiber, milk contains all essential nutrients
required by the human body. Among these six types of nutrients, water makes up
the largest proportion, at least over 90%.
**Answer:**
Milk primarily contains water (~90%), carbohydrates
(lactose, ~4-5%), proteins (casein and whey, ~3-4%), fats (~3-4%), as well as
minerals (e.g., calcium) and vitamins (e.g., vitamin D, B12).
3.
Compared to other foods, what is the greatest advantage of milk?
**Background
knowledge:** What nutrients does milk contain?
**Answer:**
The biggest advantage of milk is
its **complete nutrition**—it contains all essential nutrients (except dietary
fiber) in a balanced ratio, is easily digestible, and is particularly rich in
calcium and high-quality protein.
- Skeletal muscles store glycogen.
What are the benefits of this for organisms? For which kinds of exercise
is this more advantageous? Explain briefly.
**Background knowledge:** What is the
function of glycogen? What is the function of skeletal muscles? Which types of
exercise are most affected by glycogen's role?
**Answer:**
Glycogen stored in skeletal muscles provides quick
energy, benefiting high-intensity or short-duration exercises (e.g., sprinting,
weightlifting) by preventing fatigue due to low blood sugar.
- During weight loss, performing a
lot of weight-bearing exercises may cause weight to increase instead of
decrease. Explain.
**Background
knowledge:** What effects does weight training have on the body? What causes
weight gain from exercise? What is the difference in mass between the lost and
gained substances?
**Answer:**
Weight
training increases muscle mass (which is denser than fat). Even if fat
decreases, muscle growth may lead to a higher overall weight, though the body
becomes leaner.
- Can sports drinks (e.g., Pocari
Sweat) provide energy? Explain.
**Background
knowledge:** What substances do sports drinks contain? Which nutrients provide
energy?
**Answer:**
Yes. Sports drinks contain
sugars (e.g., glucose), a type of carbohydrate that can be quickly broken down
for energy, making them suitable for replenishment after prolonged
exercise.
- What types of exercise are not
suitable for people with anemia?
**Background knowledge:** What are the
effects of anemia? What factors cause these effects? Which types of exercise
are most affected by these factors?
**Answer:**
Anemia patients should avoid endurance exercises
(e.g., long-distance running) because insufficient hemoglobin reduces oxygen
delivery, worsening fatigue and dizziness.
8.
Can consuming foods rich in
collagen help keep the skin beautiful?
**Background knowledge:** What is collagen?
How does it differ from other proteins? What factors contribute to skin beauty?
How is collagen absorbed by the body?
**Answer:**
No direct effect. Collagen is broken down into
amino acids during digestion and must be resynthesized. Skin health also
depends on vitamins (e.g., C, E) and other factors.
- When sick, what type of
carbohydrates are easiest for energy acquisition? Why?
**Background knowledge:** What are the
categories of carbohydrates? Which type is most easily absorbed? How does
illness affect absorption?
**Answer:**
Simple
sugars (e.g., glucose) or disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), as their simple
structure requires minimal digestion, making them ideal for quick energy during
illness.
- Why are fish with higher fat
content more likely to contain vitamin D?
**Background
knowledge:** What are the properties of vitamin D? How do these properties
relate to its storage in the body?
**Answer:**
Vitamin D is fat-soluble and
stored in fat tissue. Fatty fish (e.g., salmon) accumulate more vitamin D in
their fat reserves compared to lean fish.
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